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由于新生儿常规护理及治疗方面的进展,尤其是新生儿抢救中心(NICU)的建立,近20年来婴儿死亡率,尤其是早产儿的死亡率有了明显的下降。六十年代初期体重500～1,000克及1,000～1,500克的婴儿存活率为10%及50%;到1982年则依次为40～50%及85～90%,而且存活婴儿的脑损害也明显减少。五十年代极低出生体重儿存活者50～60%有明显神经发育或/和感觉缺陷,根据Driscoll等追访,七十年代出生的体重<1,000克婴儿中仅20%存活者有神经发育障碍,如包括学习、语言及行为等方面存在缺陷者约为35～40%。
Infant mortality, especially in preterm infants, has dropped significantly in the last 20 years due to improvements in routine care and treatment of neonates, especially the NICU. Survival rates of infants aged 500-1,000 g and 1,000-1,500 g in the early 1960s were 10% and 50%, respectively, and were 40-50% and 85-90% in 1982, respectively, and the brain damage in surviving infants was also significantly reduced . Fifty to sixty percent of survivors of very low birth weight infants in the fifties have significant neurodevelopmental or / and sensory deficits. According to the Driscoll et al., Only 20% of those born weighing seventies weighing <1,000 grams have neurodevelopmental disorders , Such as learning, language and behavior, there are flaws in about 35 ~ 40%.