We present a grating imaging scanning lithography system for the fabrication of large-sized gratings. In this technology, (-)1-order diffractive beams are generated by a phase grating and selected by a spatial filter. Meanwhile, a 4f system enables the
An aggregated channel model is achieved by fitting the Weibull distribution, which includes the effects of atmospheric attenuation, M distributed atmospheric turbulence and nonzero boresight pointing errors. With this approximate channel model, the bit er
A novel coherent Doppler lidar (CDL) system based on single-mode fiber (SMF) components and instruments is presented to measure the speed of target. A fiber interferometer used in CDL system is reported. This fiber mixer is employed as a coherent receiver
High-quality KMgF3 single crystal containing 0.5 mol% europium (Eu) was prepared by an improved Bridgman method. X-ray diffraction (XRD), photoluminescence spectra and fluorescence lifetime were measured. The results in-dicate the reduction of Eu3 to Eu2