呼吸系统疾病居儿科疾病首位,其中以上呼吸道感染、支气管炎和肺炎最多见。这与儿童呼吸系统的解剖生理特点有关。小儿呼吸道短而狭窄,粘膜柔嫩、血管丰富,感染后粘膜充血肿胀,可致呼吸道闭塞,加之纤毛运动差,粘液腺分泌不足致呼吸道干燥,容易发生呼吸困难。此外,小儿免疫系统不成熟,免疫功能低下,也是易患呼吸道感染的重要原因。 Respiratory diseases ranked first in pediatric diseases, of which the most common respiratory infections, bronchitis and pneumonia. This is related to the anatomy and physiology of the child’s respiratory system. Short and narrow respiratory tract in children, mucous membrane tender, rich in blood vessels, mucosal congestion and swelling after infection, can cause respiratory tract obstruction, combined with ciliary movement, mucus secretion caused by inadequate respiratory tract dry, prone to dyspnea. In addition, immature immune system in children, immune dysfunction, is also an important cause of respiratory tract infections.