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目的 :为颅后窝手术入路提供避免损伤血管神经等的解剖学依据。方法 :解剖测量 16例成人头颅标本。结果 :乳突尖至茎突尖、寰椎横突外侧端和茎突尖至寰椎横突外侧端三者之间的距离分别为(3 0 .67± 6.3 8)mm ,(2 4.15± 4.46)mm和 (15 .2 0± 3 .5 0 )mm。乳突尖至面神经、颈静脉孔的外缘和颈动脉管外口的外缘、枕骨髁外侧缘中点的距离分别为 (10 .11± 3 .0 2 )mm ,(2 2 .93± 3 .5 9)mm ,(3 0 .40±3 .3 7)mm和 (3 1.43± 3 .11)mm。乳突尖至Ⅸ、Ⅹ、Ⅺ和Ⅻ对脑神经出颅处的距离分别为 (2 6.13± 5 .49)mm ,(2 4.2 7± 4.11)mm ,(2 1.17± 4.3 4)mm和 (2 4.64± 4.64 )mm。结论 :在颅后窝外侧入路的手术中 ,应重视乳突至茎突、寰椎横突外侧端和茎突至C1横突外侧端的间距 ,以及乳突至颈内静、动脉 ,Ⅸ、Ⅹ、Ⅺ和Ⅻ对脑神经的位置和距离等能有效地在手术时保护它们。
Objective: To provide an anatomical basis for avoiding the injury of vascular nerves for posterior fossa surgical approach. Methods: Anatomical measurement of 16 adult skull specimens. Results: The distances between the mastoid tip and the styloid process, at the lateral end of atlas transverse process and at the apical side of the transverse process were (3.67 ± 6.38) mm and (4.15 ± 4.46) mm and (15.2 ± 0.350) mm. The distances from the mastoidus tip to the facial nerve, the outer edge of the jugular foramen and the outer edge of the carotid artery, the midpoint of the lateral edge of the occipital condyle were (10.11 ± 3.02) mm and (22.93 ± 3 .5 9) mm, (3 0 .40 ± 3. 37) mm and (3 1.43 ± 3 .11) mm. The distance from the mastoid tip to Ⅸ, Ⅹ, Ⅺ and Ⅻ to the cranial nerve was (2 6.13 ± 5. 49) mm, (2 4.2 7 ± 4.11) mm, (2 1.17 ± 4.3 4) mm and 2 4.64 ± 4.64) mm. CONCLUSIONS: In the operation of the posterior fossa lateral approach, the distance between the mastoid process and the styloid process, the lateral processus lateralis and the styloid process to the lateral side of the C1 transverse process should be emphasized, and the distance between the mastoid process and the internal jugular vein, artery, Ⅸ, Ⅹ, Ⅺ and Ⅻ on the location and distance of the brain can effectively protect them at the time of surgery.