平均主义是小农经济和手工业的产物,是农民小资产阶级的思想。平均主义的内容是多方面的:在经济上,要求平分一切社会财富,领取同样的工资、奖金,吃同样的饭菜,穿同样的衣服等;在政治上,要求绝对平等和极端民主化,搞无政府主义;在组织上,要求绝对自由,反对一切组织纪律;在军事上,主张平分兵力打消耗战,反对集中兵力打歼灭战;在文化教育上,轻视知识和人才,主张知识分子劳动化,而不主张劳动人民知识化,企图把脑力劳动与体力劳动拉平,等等。所以,平均主义是和马克思主义的平等观根本对立的。对平均主义的性质与作用,要作辩证的历史的分析:农民要求平分封建地主阶级的土地财产,有其 Equalitarianism is a product of the peasant economy and handicraft industry and is a peasant petty bourgeois ideology. The principle of egalitarianism is multifaceted: in the economy, it demands that all social wealth be equally divided, receive the same wages, bonuses, eat the same food, wear the same clothes, etc., and politically require absolute equality and extreme democratization. Anarchism, anarchism; on the organization, they demanded absolute freedom and opposed all organizational discipline; in the military, they advocated dividing the military forces into fighting the war of attrition and opposed to concentrating their forces to annihilate the war; and neglecting knowledge and talents in culture and education, advocating the labor- Instead of advocating the knowledgeable working people and trying to smooth mental and manual work, and so on. Therefore, egalitarianism is diametrically opposed to the Marxist concept of equality. The nature and role of egalitarianism, to be dialectical analysis of history: the peasants asked to share the land property of the feudal landlord class, with its