本文综合报导Marcel Pourbaix教授及其合作者们所创建并发展的各种类型的化学和电化学平衡图的制作原则、发展概况及其在金属腐蚀与防护领域中的应用。全文将分三期连续刊登。本期为该文第一部分。主要介绍常温下(25℃)的电位—PH平衡图以及它们的应用。各种类型的平衡图均为热力学研究工具。它们能提供被研究体系的化学及电化学反应的平衡条件、反应在不同条件下可能进行的方向和各种物质在不同条件下的相对稳定性等方面的信息。但平衡图与其它热力学研究方法一样,不能确定反应是否真实发生,以及反应进行的速度和机理。后者只能由动力学研究方法来确定。 M·Pourbaix教授及其合作者们也曾在动力学研究中做过大量工作,并巧妙地将平衡图用到解释动力学研究中所得到的现象。从而开拓了平衡图在金属腐蚀与防护方面的应用领域。本文对这一方面也摘取典型实例做了介绍。文中也扼要地闸明了在应用平衡图时所应注意的问题。 This paper reports on the principles, developments and applications of various types of chemical and electrochemical equilibrium charts created and developed by Professor Marcel Pourbaix and their collaborators in the field of metal corrosion and protection. The full text will be published in three consecutive issues. This issue is the first part of the article. Mainly introduced at room temperature (25 ℃) potential-PH balance diagram and their application. Various types of equilibrium diagrams are thermodynamic research tools. They provide information about the equilibrium conditions of the chemical and electrochemical reactions of the system under investigation, the possible directions under which they can be reacted, and the relative stability of the various materials under different conditions. However, the equilibrium diagram, like other thermodynamic methods, can not determine whether the reaction actually takes place and the speed and mechanism of the reaction. The latter can only be determined by kinetic studies. Professor M · Pourbaix and his collaborators have also done a great deal of work in kinetic studies and have used the balance graph in clever way to explain what happens in kinetic studies. Thus opening up the balance diagram in the field of metal corrosion and protection applications. This article also introduced the typical examples in this area. The article also briefly explains the problems that should be noticed when applying the balance graph.