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[目的]评估煤矿工人尘肺病健康教育效果,探讨适合煤矿工人尘肺病健康教育的最佳模式。[方法]采用随机抽样的方法抽取山西焦煤集团4个煤矿600名下井工人,按年龄随机分配到对照组、干预一组、干预二组和干预三组,对照组无任何干预。干预一组、干预二组和干预三组分别采用单纯性集中授课;单纯性集中授课和发放宣传折页;单纯性集中授课、发放宣传折页和参与式培训的模式进行尘肺病健康教育,干预前、后分别进行问卷调查以评估干预效果。[结果]健康教育干预前,除了《职业病防治法》及就医场所的知晓率较低,分别为67.80%和68.48%,煤矿工人对尘肺病相关知识知晓率均>85%;相关态度认可率范围为70.36%～91.82%;相关行为形成率较低,如主动学习尘肺病健康知识仅51.28%。健康教育干预后,三个干预组的煤矿工人对尘肺病知识、态度和行为均显著改善,组间相比可知干预三组的效果最佳(P<0.05)。[结论]三个干预组所采取的干预方式都可以改善尘肺病知识、态度和行为,但以单纯性集中授课、发放宣传折页和参与式培训相结合的教育模式效果最佳,是尘肺病健康教育的最佳模式。
[Objective] To evaluate the effect of health education on pneumoconiosis among coal miners and explore the best mode for health education of pneumoconiosis among coal miners. [Method] A total of 600 underground workers from 4 coal mines in Shanxi Coking Coal Group were sampled by random sampling method and randomly assigned to control group, intervention group 1, intervention group 2 and intervention group 3 without any intervention in the control group. Intervention group, intervention group and intervention group, respectively, using simple centralized lectures; simple centralized lectures and distribution of promotional leaflets; simple centralized lectures, distribution of leaflets and participatory training for health education on pneumoconiosis, intervention Before and after the questionnaire were conducted to assess the effectiveness of interventions. [Results] Before the intervention of health education, the awareness rate of pneumoconiosis-related knowledge of coal miners was> 85%, except 67.80% and 68.48%, respectively, except for the awareness of Occupational Disease Prevention Law and the place of medical treatment. The recognition rates of relevant attitudes 70.36% ~ 91.82%. The related behavior formation rate was low, for example, only 51.28% of active learning pneumoconiosis health knowledge. After intervention of health education, the coal miners in the three intervention groups significantly improved the knowledge, attitude and behavior of pneumoconiosis. Intervention among the three groups showed the best effect (P <0.05). [Conclusion] The intervention methods adopted by the three intervention groups all can improve the knowledge, attitude and behavior of pneumoconiosis. However, the education mode combining purely focused instruction, publicity leaflet and participatory training is the best, The best model of health education.