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[目的]研究新疆博州大风的气候特征,掌握其变化规律。[方法]利用1961~2000年博州4个气象站大风天气的观测资料,应用统计学方法分析了大风的气候特征。[结果]博州年大风日数8~160 d,4~8月大风日数较多,20世纪60~90年代年平均大风日数逐渐减少。博州大风日数年际变化具有9年的振荡周期。温泉、精河、阿拉山口大风天气的高发时段分别为15:00~19:00、15:00~22:00、14:00~23:00,3站大风持续时间以2 h为主。1961~2000年40年内博乐、精河和阿拉山口年大风日数呈减少趋势,博乐和精河年大风日数分别在19861、976年发生突变,突变后年平均大风日数明显减少。[结论]对于防灾减灾,合理利用气候资源,改善生态环境很有价值。
[Objective] The research aimed to study the climatic characteristics of gale in Xinjiang and grasp the changing rules. [Method] Based on the observation data of windy weather at four weather stations in Bozhou from 1961 to 2000, the climatic characteristics of gale were analyzed by using statistical methods. [Result] The windy days of Bozhou were 8 ~ 160 days, and the days of windy gales from April to August were more. The days of average windy days in 60 ~ 90 years of 20th century decreased gradually. Bozhou windy interannual variation with 9-year oscillation period. Hot spring, Jinghe, Alashankou windy weather were 15:00 to 19:00, 15:00 to 22:00, 14:00 to 23:00, and the wind gusting time of station 3 was 2 h. During the 40 years from 1961 to 2000, the number of gale days in Bole, Jinghe and Alashankou declined. The days of windy Bole and Jinghe years changed respectively in 19861 and 976, and the annual mean annual gale days significantly decreased. [Conclusion] It is very valuable for disaster prevention and reduction, rational utilization of climate resources and improvement of ecological environment.