明代制度条文具在,但明前期之制,自明中后期人以下即缺乏精准认识。本文利用《实录》、原始文件,辩《会典》、《明史》和各种笔记之误,重新认识京营的成立时间、渊源、职能。永乐、洪熙、宣德之际,北征军队不及遣返,常驻京师,遂突破“战时出征,事毕还卫”原则,渐成常备军驻京之制;三大营体制来源于靖难战争中的北军体制和永乐历次北征中的亲征军体制;至正统时期,三大营由战时体制演化为训练体制,突破卫所编制,但不合战争需要,故明代中期三大营改为兵将相习、随时临战的团营。以上三点结论为以往研究所未涉及,与明代中后期人的系统记载也多有不同。 Ming Dynasty system with articles, but the system of pre-Ming, since the middle and later stages of the lack of accurate understanding of people. This article rereads the establishment time, origins and functions of Jing Ying using “Record of Record”, original documents, debate “Codex”, “Ming History” and errors of various notes. In the days of Yongle, Hongxi and Xuande, the Northern Expeditionary Army failed to repatriate and resided in the capital, thus breaking the principle of setting off troops in Beijing during the wartime " During the orthodox period, the three major battalions evolved from a wartime system into a training system that broke through the establishment of the Wei service but did not meet the requirements of the war. Therefore, the three major camp batches of the mid Ming Dynasty For the soldiers will be familiar with, at any time of the corps camp. The above three conclusions are not covered in the past research institutes, and the systematic records of people in the middle and late Ming Dynasty are also different.