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卵巢的恶性小圆细胞肿瘤相对少见,主要由缺少细胞质的小圆形细胞组成。卵巢恶性小圆细胞肿瘤种类多,形态学上有重叠,病理医师常难以做出明确诊断。卵巢高血钙型小细胞癌是这些肿瘤中认识最清楚的肿瘤,应注意与性索-间质肿瘤、小圆蓝色细胞肿瘤家族中的肿瘤和未分化恶性肿瘤鉴别。肺型小细胞癌也可发生于卵巢,常与典型的表面上皮-间质肿瘤密切相关。可以发生或累及卵巢的小圆细胞肿瘤还有腹腔内促纤维增生性小圆细胞肿瘤、转移性小细胞癌、外周原始神经外胚叶肿瘤、子宫内膜间质肉瘤等。作者就发生于卵巢的恶性小圆细胞肿瘤形态学特征,以及免疫组化和其他辅助手段在此类肿瘤诊断和鉴别诊断中的应用作一综述。
Ovarian malignant small round cell tumor is relatively rare, mainly from the lack of cytoplasm of small round cells. Ovarian malignant small round cell tumor types, morphological overlap, pathologists often difficult to make a clear diagnosis. Ovarian hypercalcemia type of small cell carcinoma is the most well-known tumor in these tumors, and should pay attention to sex cord-stromal tumors, small round blue cell tumor families and undifferentiated malignant tumor identification. Pulmonary small cell carcinoma can also occur in the ovary, often with a typical surface epithelial-stromal tumors are closely related. Small round cell tumors that can occur or involve the ovaries include intraperitoneal fibrosing small cell tumors, metastatic small cell carcinomas, peripheral primitive neuroectodermal tumors, and endometrial stromal sarcoma. The authors review the morphological features of malignant small cell tumors in the ovary and their applications in the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of such tumors.