英国自从上世纪90年代实行铁路改革后,虽引入市场竞争机制,但票价的45%仍由政府调控。这一体系充分体现了英国铁路的运营特点——车路分开,即铁路设施国有化,火车运营私有化。二战前,英国铁路在自由竞争中发展为多头垄断,最后以 Since the railway reform was implemented in the United Kingdom in the 1990s, the market competition mechanism has been introduced in the United Kingdom. However, 45% of fares are still controlled by the government. This system fully embodies the operational features of the British railways - that is, the separation of motorways from the nationalization of railway facilities and the privatization of train operations. Before World War II, the British railways developed into a long monopoly in the free competition and finally came