１引言 学习过程中的反馈是指学生获得对自身学习行为及其结果的认识，并且用这种认识的结果去影响下一步学习活动．学习过程中的信息反馈一般有两种方式：外部反馈和自反馈．外部反馈是指教师或他人对学生的学习状况和学习结果进行认识了解，并将这种认识的结果提供给学生．自 1 Introduction Feedback in the learning process means that students gain knowledge of their own learning behavior and their results, and use this knowledge to influence the next step in learning activities. Information feedback in the learning process generally has two ways: external feedback and self-feedback. External feedback means that the teacher or other person understands the student’s learning status and learning results, and provides students with the results of this understanding. from