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小蘖硷(黄连素)能溶于冷水和醇,尤易溶于热水及热醇,其盐类易结晶。盐酸盐和硫酸盐均微溶于冷水,难溶于酸性水中。根据上述性质,目前许多药厂都采用了以乙醇为溶媒的提取法。如:一、取黄柏粉,用60%乙醇约原粉四倍量,按中国药典渗漉法滤取其浸出液,渗漉二次或三次,合并滤液,加盐酸2%放置24小时,使其完全沉淀,过滤,将沉淀用乙醇洗涤数次,收集沉淀,再结晶,即得纯品。二、取黄柏生药粗末置入容器内,用95%乙醇五倍量,加热回流提取,直至提尽为止,合并药液,回收乙醇至适量,加入2%盐酸至酸性,放置一夜,析出沉淀,洗涤,如上法再结晶。三、取黄柏粗末,加入0.5%醋酸水五倍量浸渍一夜,次晨倾取上部浸液,再加入酸液三倍量,如此二遍,方法同上。合并药液,加入浓乙醇,过滤,滤液中加入盐酸,以下操作方法同上。
Berberine (berberine) is soluble in cold water and alcohol, and is easily soluble in hot water and hot alcohols. Its salts are easily crystallized. Both hydrochloride and sulfate are slightly soluble in cold water and are insoluble in acidic water. Based on the above properties, many pharmaceutical companies currently use an extraction method using ethanol as a solvent. Such as: First, take the yellow cypress powder, use 60% ethanol about four times the original powder, according to the Chinese Pharmacopoeia leaching method to filter out the leachate, seepage two or three times, the combined filtrate, add 2% hydrochloric acid for 24 hours, make Complete precipitation, filtration, washing the precipitate with ethanol several times, collecting the precipitate, recrystallization, the pure product. 2. Take cork crude drug and put it into the container, use 55% of 95% ethanol, heat and reflux until it is exhausted. Combine the liquid and recover the ethanol to the proper amount. Add 2% hydrochloric acid to acid, and leave it overnight to precipitate. Wash, recrystallize as above. Third, take the rough end of cork, add 0.5% acetic acid water five times the amount of impregnation overnight, the next morning pour the upper infusion, and then add three times the amount of acid, so two times, the method above. Combine the liquid, add concentrated ethanol, filter, and add hydrochloric acid to the filtrate. The following procedure is the same as above.