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目的探讨住院患儿家长焦虑情绪变化的影响因素,分析患儿病情、家庭状况、社会支持等因素与家长焦虑情绪的关系。方法采用焦虑、简易应对方式、社会支持及家庭环境评定等量表,对住院患儿家长进行问卷调查,应用SPSS 11.0软件分析家长焦虑情绪的影响因素。结果女性、无职业、低经济收入的家长焦虑情绪体验高(t=2.924、3.322和7.088,P均<0.01),且城市和城郊各有特点。多因素分析显示,不良客观支持(β=-0.246,P=0.006)、较差家庭经济状况(β=-0.179,P=0.040)和家庭亲密度低(β=-0.165,P=0.046)是城市家长焦虑情绪的促发因素,家庭亲密度低(β=-0.471,P<0.001)和可利用社会资源多(β=0.251,P=0.011)是城郊家长的焦虑情绪促发因素。结论家庭亲密度是城市和城郊家长焦虑情绪发生的共同影响因素;可利用社会资源多是城郊家长焦虑情绪另一促发因素;良好的客观支持,较好的家庭经济状况有助于减少城市家长焦虑情绪的发生。
Objective To explore the influencing factors of anxiety in parents with hospitalized children and to analyze the relationship between their illness, family status, social support and their anxiety. Methods The anxiety, simple coping style, social support and family environment assessment scale were used to survey the parents of children in hospital. SPSS 11.0 software was used to analyze the influencing factors of parents’ anxiety. Results Female, unemployed and low-income parents experienced high anxiety (t = 2.924, 3.322 and 7.088, P <0.01 respectively), and the cities and suburbs had their own characteristics. Multivariate analysis showed that poor objective support (β = -0.246, P = 0.006), poor family economic status (β = -0.179, P = 0.040) and family intimacy (β = -0.165, P = 0.046) were The anxiety-inducing factors of urban parents, family intimacy (β = -0.471, P <0.001) and available social resources (β = 0.251, P = 0.011) are the anxiety-inducing factors of suburban parents. Conclusion Family cohesion is the common influence factor of anxiety among parents in urban and suburban areas. Social resources available are mostly the other triggers of anxiety in suburban suburbs. Good objective support and good family economic status can help to reduce the urban parents’ Anxiety occurs.