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本文调查了76例(♂44,♀32)1、2和3岁中国小儿无名动脉和颈总动脉的位置、长度、周径、分支部位和分支型。 1.76例小儿无名动脉与气管的位置关系,共分三型:第1型2例(2.63±1.84％);第2型33例(43.42±5.72％);第3型41例(53.95±5.71％)。 2.76例小儿无名动脉分支部位,在胸锁关节上缘上方者57例(75.0±4.96％),在胸锁关节后方者19例(25.0±4.96％),小儿较成年人高。 3.76例1、2和3岁小儿无名动脉平均长度分别为20.7±0.42mm、19.2±0.59mm和21.8±0.94mm。平均周径分别为19.8±0.64mm、20.3±0.21mm和21.0±0.51mm。 4.76例小儿无名动脉有63例(82.9±4.32％)单独由主动脉弓发出;另外13例(17.1±4.32％)与左颈总动脉先形成共同干而后发出。在76例无名动脉中,有71例(93.42±2.84％)在走行中并不发支,但有4例(5.26±2.56％)直接由无名动脉发出甲状腺最下动脉,有1例(1.32±1.31％)由共同干发出甲状腺最下动脉。 5.小儿颈总动脉的分支部位平均位于第3、4颈椎椎间盘上缘高度,小儿较成年人高。 6.颈总动脉分支所形成的夹角,共分三型,在152侧中锐角型60侧(39.5±3.96％);弓状型40侧(26.3±3.57％),中间型52侧(34.2±3.84％),小儿锐角型较多于弓状型。 7.1、2和3岁中国小儿颈总动脉平均长度:右侧分别为42.9±1.55mm、45.7±0.57mm和47.8±1.50mm;左侧分别为59.0±1.10mm、56.7±2.99mm和64.9±1.62mm。平均周径:右侧分别为14.8±0.77mm.16.3±0.14mm和16.6±0.19mm。左侧分别为15.6±0.61mm、16.6±0.13mm和17.3±0.40mm。
This study investigated the location, length, circumference, branch location and branching of 76 infants (♂44, ♀32) of Chinese pediatric unnamed and common carotid arteries at 1, 2 and 3 years of age. There were three types of anonymous arterial trachea in 1.76 cases: type 1 in 2 cases (2.63 ± 1.84%), type 2 in 33 cases (43.42 ± 5.72%), type 3 in 41 cases (53.95 ± 5.71% ). There were 57 cases (75.0 ± 4.96%) in the upper margin of the sternoclavicular joint and 19 cases (25.0 ± 4.96%) in the posterior aspect of the sternoclavicular joint in 2.76 pediatric unnamed arterial branches. Pediatric patients were taller than adults. 3. The average length of unnamed arteries in 1, 2, and 3 years old children were 20.7 ± 0.42mm, 19.2 ± 0.59mm and 21.8 ± 0.94mm respectively. Mean circumferential diameters were 19.8 ± 0.64 mm, 20.3 ± 0.21 mm and 21.0 ± 0.51 mm, respectively. Thirty-six (82.9 ± 4.32%) of the 4.76 infantile unnamed arteries were emanated from the aortic arch alone and the other 13 (17.1 ± 4.32%) were co-morbid with the left common carotid artery. Among the 76 unnamed arteries, 71 cases (93.42 ± 2.84%) did not develop branches during walking, but 4 cases (5.26 ± 2.56%) issued the inferior thyroid artery directly from anonymous arteries and 1 case (1.32 ± 1.31%) by the common dry hair under the thyroid artery. 5. Pediatric common carotid artery branches located on the average 3,4,4 vertebral disc edge height, pediatric higher than adults. The angle formed by the branch of common carotid artery was divided into three types, the acute angle type 60 side (39.5 ± 3.96%) in 152 side, the bow side 40 side (26.3 ± 3.57%), the middle type 52 side (34.2 ± 3.84%), acute keratosis in children more than arched. 7.1, 2 and 3-year-old Chinese children with common carotid artery length: the right were 42.9 ± 1.55mm, 45.7 ± 0.57mm and 47.8 ± 1.50mm; the left were 59.0 ± 1.10mm, 56.7 ± 2.99mm and 64.9 ± 1.62 mm. Mean circumference: 14.8 ± 0.77mm.16.3 ± 0.14mm and 16.6 ± 0.19mm on the right. Left are 15.6 ± 0.61mm, 16.6 ± 0.13mm and 17.3 ± 0.40mm, respectively.