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1997年4月3～4日在澳大利亚伍伦贡大学召开了“船舶通行权和自由面临的压力与挑战”国际学术会议。自古以来,海洋就是进行国际交往和贸易的交通大道,船舶是重要的工具。因此,有关船舶通行权,一直是世界各国关注的焦点,也是国际海洋法所要解决的重要问题。在这种情况下,综合与会国的发言对制定有关政策具有重要参考价值。 (1) 随着国际关系的变化、科学技术的进步,以及人类海洋意识的普遍提高,现代海洋法有重大的发展。特别是1982年《联合国海洋公约》的签署与生效,标志着旧海洋法律制度的消亡以及新海洋法律秩序的开始。据统计,截至1995年11月15日,已有121个国家宣布了12海里领海,86个国家宣布了200海里专属经济区,82个国家确定了大陆架制度。海洋法律制
From April 3 to April 4, 1997, at the University of Wollongong in Australia, an international academic conference entitled “Pressure and Challenges on Ship Access and Freedom” was held. Since ancient times, the ocean has been the traffic artery for international exchanges and trade. Ships are important tools. Therefore, the right of access to ships has always been the focus of attention of all countries in the world and also an important issue to be solved by the international law of the sea. Under such circumstances, the speech made by the comprehensive participating countries is of important reference value for formulating relevant policies. (1) With the change of international relations, the progress of science and technology, and the universal enhancement of human marine awareness, there is a great development in modern law of the sea. In particular, the signing and entry into force of the 1982 “United Nations Ocean Convention” marked the demise of the old maritime legal system and the beginning of the legal order in the new oceans. According to statistics, as of 15 November 1995, 121 countries announced territorial waters of 12 nautical miles, 86 countries announced the 200-nautical-mile exclusive economic zone, and 82 countries established the continental shelf system. Law of the sea