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目的研究深圳市低出生体重的影响因素,采取有效措施预防和减少低出生体重的发生率。方法采用1∶1配对病例对照的研究方法,对2012年4~11月间在深圳市具有产科资质的61家医院出生的1 250名低体重出生及其对照组新生儿的母亲进行问卷调查,应用Stata 12.0软件采用t检验、χ~2检验及条件Logistic回归分析。结果孕期增重、胎膜早破、妊娠其他并发症、妊娠胎数、孕检次数、妊高征、妊娠间隔、孕期情绪、前置胎盘9个因素与低出生体重发生相关(均有P<0.05)。结论深圳市低出生体重的影响因素为多层面,包含了社会人口学特征、孕产期健康情况及生活环境与生活习惯等,应关注重点人群的健康教育,督促孕妇规律产检,及时处理产科合并症及并发症,提倡孕期科学营养,合理增重,注重孕期的心理保健,从而降低活产低出生体重的发生率,提高出生人口质量。
Objective To study the influencing factors of low birth weight in Shenzhen and take effective measures to prevent and reduce the incidence of low birth weight. Methods A 1: 1 matched case-control study was conducted to survey the mothers of 1250 newborns born of low birth weight and their control group born in 61 hospitals with obstetric qualification in Shenzhen from April to November in 2012, Stata 12.0 software was used t test, χ ~ 2 test and conditional logistic regression analysis. Results There were 9 factors associated with low birth weight during pregnancy such as weight gain during pregnancy, premature rupture of membranes, other pregnancy complications, number of pregnancy, number of pregnancy tests, pregnancy induced hypertension, gestational age, mood during pregnancy and placenta previa (all P < 0.05). Conclusion The influencing factors of low birth weight in Shenzhen are multidimensional and include socio-demographic characteristics, health status during pregnancy and childbirth, living environment and living habits, etc. Health education should be focused on the key population, supervise pregnancy checkup and timely treatment of obstetric merger Symptoms and complications, to promote scientific nutrition during pregnancy, reasonable weight gain, pay attention to mental health care during pregnancy, thereby reducing the incidence of low birth weight live births and improve the quality of the birth population.