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目前我国房屋冬季采暖现状是:广大农村除少数能源供应条件较好的地方以外基本上没有解决;现行规定一年内日平均气温≤+5℃为采暖区的这个标准很低;在采暖区内有些城市的多数房屋仍无采暖设备;采暖水平低,供热能耗大;采暖污染大气。与国外标准比较:上海砖墙传热系数为英国的4.2倍;西安、徐州为丹麦的5,2～7.0倍;哈尔滨为加拿大的4.3倍。寒冷地区房屋窗户传热系数为发达国家的1.6～2.8倍以上。对北京一幢5层6单元砖混住宅的分析表明,门窗散热约占外围结构散热总量的60%,外墙及楼梯间墙散热约占散热总量的1/3。从长远看,砖混建筑节能的技术路线是:改善建筑物的保温效能;抓住耗能最大环节,降低窗户能耗;采用经济上可行、技术上合理的适用技术;提高能源的有效利用程度。从目前看,对门窗及砖墙应采取切实可行的各种节能技术方案。
At present, the status quo of China’s housing heating in winter is: The majority of rural areas are basically unsolved except for a few places with good energy supply conditions; the current regulations set the standard of daily average temperature ≤ +5°C for the heating area within a year to be very low; in the heating area there are some Most of the city’s houses still have no heating equipment; heating levels are low and heating energy consumption is high; heating pollutes the atmosphere. Compared with foreign standards: Shanghai’s brick wall heat transfer coefficient is 4.2 times that of the United Kingdom; Xi’an, Xuzhou is 5,2 ~ 7.0 times that of Denmark; Harbin is 4.3 times that of Canada. The window heat transfer coefficient of houses in cold regions is 1.6 to 2.8 times higher than that of developed countries. An analysis of a 5-storey, 6-unit brick-concrete dwelling in Beijing shows that the heat dissipation of the doors and windows accounts for about 60% of the total heat dissipation of the external structures, and the heat dissipation of the external walls and stairwell walls accounts for about 1/3 of the total heat dissipation. In the long run, the energy-saving technology of brick-concrete buildings is to improve the thermal insulation efficiency of buildings; to seize the largest part of energy consumption and to reduce the energy consumption of windows; to adopt economically viable, technically sound and applicable technologies; and to increase the effective use of energy. . From the current perspective, practical and various energy-saving technical solutions should be adopted for doors and windows and brick walls.