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明朝初年,女真各部分布在“混同江(黑龙江)以东,东滨海,西接兀良哈,南邻朝鲜,北至奴儿干”。根据女真内部发展水平及地理位置又主要分三种:“自汤站车抵开原居海西者为海西女真,居建州、毛怜者为建州女真,极东为野人女真。”~①明朝肃清东北故元割据势力后,永乐初年(1403),派遣行人(明朝官员,掌传旨、册封等)邢枢,招谕奴儿干诸部后,女真各部酋长相继进京朝贡。永乐七年,明朝在黑龙江下游亨滚河口对岸建立奴儿干都司,下面设立卫、所,颁发各卫、所头目以敕书,即委任状,给予一定官职。敕书就是明朝任命边远地区管
In the early years of the Ming Dynasty, the various parts of the Jurchen cloth were laid on the east of the confluence with the Heilongjiang River, the east coast of the east, the west of Wuhaha, the south of North Korea and the slave of the north to the east. According to the level of internal development of the Jurchen and geographical location and divided into three main categories: "From the station car to break away from the original Hercynian Hercynian Jurchen, Habitat state, Mao pit for Jianzhou Jurchen, the East is the savage Jurchen. In the early years of Yongle (1403), sending pedestrians (officials of the Ming Dynasty, instructions of the Ming dynasty, etc.) XING SHU, after enacting slaves to slave ministers, chiefs of the Jurchen ministries One after another into the tribute tribute to Beijing. Yongle seven years, the Ming dynasty in Heilongjiang downstream Hunjiang estuary across the board to establish slave children dry division, the following set up Wei, by the Wei, the leader of the book, that is, the appointment of a certain official position.敕 book is the Ming Dynasty appointment of remote areas tube