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公司具有人格犹如自然人一样,从民法上来讲其本质是一致的,国家通过法律手段赋予公司具有参加民事活动的主体资格,可认为是一种法律拟制的“人”。然而公司的独立人格毕竟与自然人不同,原因在于公司并非像自然人一样有着自己的手脚、五官、大脑和思维。公司要做什么最终必须由自然人来决定,公司的活动也必须由自然人来完成,因此自然人的行为对公司来讲显得尤为重要。而能够代理公司参加民事活动并能对公司产生实质性影响的自然人主要包括公司股东、董事、经理及其他高层管理人员。这些人若不在法律约束的情况下行使权力,必然为了追求经济利益最大化而滥用法人人格制度,届时必然会损害债权人的合法权益,扰乱社会经济秩序。本文从公司法人人格制度入手,分析公司滥用法人人格的表现形式、公司法人人格否认制度的适用条件以及法人人格否认制度的不足之处,以期对司法实践有所裨益。
The company has personality as a natural person. From the perspective of civil law, its essence is the same. The state gives the company the qualification to participate in civil activities through legal means and can be regarded as a legal person. However, the company’s independent personality, after all, is different from the natural person because the company does not have its own hands and feet, facial features, brain and mind as the natural person does. What the company must do ultimately must be decided by the natural person, and the company’s activities must also be done by natural persons. Therefore, natural person behavior is particularly important to the company. Natural persons who can represent the company in civil activities and have a substantial impact on the company mainly include corporate shareholders, directors, managers and other senior management personnel. If these people exercise their power without being bound by laws, they will inevitably abuse the corporate personality system in pursuit of maximizing economic interests, which will inevitably jeopardize the legitimate rights and interests of creditors and disrupt social and economic order. This article starts with the corporate personality system, analyzes the company’s abuse of corporate personality, the applicable conditions of the corporate personality deny system, and the inadequacies of the corporate personality denial system in the hope of having some benefits to the judicial practice.