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目的了解汶川县、理县部分地区地震后卫生状况及居民灾后卫生与健康教育需求,为地震灾区卫生防疫与健康教育工作提供参考依据。方法地震发生后第14～36天,在四川省理县和汶川县部分城乡居民点进行卫生现状与需求调查,调查访谈受灾居民90人。结果城乡各安置点饮用水供应充足,食品供应基本充足。居民最急需的是帐篷(81.1%)。81.0%的居民认为厕所蹲坑数量能满足需要,66.7%的居民认为厕所比较脏或很脏。92.2%的居民地震后从不饮用生水。8.1%的居民能做到生熟刀板分开。24.6%的居民能将剩菜剩饭煮透后再吃。近一半农村居民没有获得过任何形式的健康教育。82.0%的居民希望获得传染病防治知识,地震后城乡卫生状况与居民卫生需求在多个方面存在统计学差异(P<0.05)。结论地震后农村地区厕所卫生、垃圾处理等问题较突出,农村居民卫生防病知识和技能还很欠缺。卫生工作者与村干部在健康教育中发挥了作用。
Objective To understand the post-earthquake health conditions and the post-disaster health and health education needs of residents in Wenchuan County and Lixian County, and provide reference for health and epidemic prevention and health education in earthquake-stricken areas. Methods From the 14th to the 36th day after the earthquake, a survey was conducted on the status quo and demand of health in some urban and rural settlements in Li County and Wenchuan County of Sichuan Province. The survey interviewed 90 residents. As a result, sufficient supply of drinking water was available for all resettlement sites in urban and rural areas and the food supply was basically adequate. The most urgent need for residents was tents (81.1%). 81.0% of residents think that the number of toilet pit can meet the need, 66.7% of residents think the toilet is dirty or dirty. 92.2% of residents never drink raw water after an earthquake. 8.1% of residents can do raw and cooked knife separately. 24.6% of residents can cook the leftover food left after eating. Nearly half of rural residents have not received any form of health education. 82.0% of residents hope to get the knowledge of prevention and treatment of infectious diseases. There are statistical differences (P <0.05) in many aspects between urban and rural health conditions and residents’ health requirements after the earthquake. Conclusion After the earthquake, toilet hygiene and garbage disposal in rural areas are more prominent. The knowledge and skills of rural residents in preventing and controlling diseases are still scarce. Health workers and village cadres play a role in health education.