今天上午我要向大家报告的基本上是一种有关历史的理论,它得出这样一个结论,即意识和心灵不能脱离其历史来加以理解。在我看来,关于心灵的一切讨论都必须是历时态的,而不应象现在大多数这类讨沦那样成为共时态的。我承认,这一立场不受欢迎,甚或与现代的哲学思维不合拍,但它正是我想向你们竭力陈述的观点, What I am going to tell you this morning is basically a historical theory that leads to the conclusion that consciousness and mind can not be understood without their history. It seems to me that all discussion of the mind must be diachronic and not synchronic as most such discussions of the present day do. I admit that this position is unpopular or even incompatible with modern philosophical thinking, but it is exactly the point I want to state to you,