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目的:了解我国局部地区新生儿听力损失的发病及康复现状。方法:10所医院应用耳声发射技术(OAE)进行新生儿听力筛查;对复筛未通过者于生后3月,进行统一的听性脑干诱发电位(ABR)确诊并干预。结果:自2000年5月-2002年9月,活产数23 355例,21 179例新生儿进行筛查,初筛率90.7％,初筛未通过2 547例(12.0％),其中2 231例(87.6％)进行了复筛,复筛率87.6％,复筛未通过1 56例,进行听力学评估118例,未通过者的听力学评估率75.6％。确诊新生儿听力损失80例,新生儿听力损失(单、双侧)在筛查儿中的发病率为3.8‰,双侧听力损失在筛查儿中的发病率为1.8‰。听力损失临床原因不明者77.5％(62／80),孕期和围产期因素15.0％(12／80),先天性听力损失家族史7.5％(6／80)。听力损失确诊年龄提前19.7个月,总的干预率47.4％(9／19),1岁以内干预率26.3％(5／19)。结论:通过筛查,新生儿听力损失的确诊年龄提前,但还需努力完善随后的干预工作。
Objective: To understand the incidence of neonatal hearing loss and rehabilitation in some areas of our country. Methods: OAE was used in 10 hospitals to carry out neonatal hearing screening. Unreferenced brainstem auditory brainstem response (ABR) was diagnosed and intervented in those who failed to pass screening in March of next year. Results: From May 2000 to September 2002, 23 355 live births and 21 179 newborns were screened. The screening rate was 90.7% and the initial screening failed to pass 2 547 cases (12.0%), of which 2 231 The cases (87.6%) were re-screened, the rate of re-screening was 87.6%, the number of re-screening failed to pass the test of 56 cases, and the number of audiology was 118. The hearing rate of those who failed was 75.6%. Eighty newborns were diagnosed as having hearing loss, the neonatal hearing loss (single and bilateral) was 3.8 ‰ in screening children, and the incidence of bilateral hearing loss in screening children was 1.8 ‰. 77.5% (62/80) of unknown clinical causes of hearing loss, 15.0% (12/80) of pregnancy and perinatal factors, and 7.5% (6/80) of family history of congenital hearing loss. The diagnosis of hearing loss was 19.7 months earlier, with a total intervention rate of 47.4% (9/19) and a 1-year intervention rate of 26.3% (5/19). CONCLUSION: Through screening, the age at diagnosis of neonatal hearing loss is advanced, but efforts to improve subsequent interventions are also required.