南阳市农村居民卫生改厕知信行及其影响因素调查

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目的了解南阳市农村居民改厕相关卫生知识、态度、行为状况、肠道传染病发病情况及其家庭环境卫生状况,为今后农村改厕工作提供参考依据。方法选取南召县作为调查点,在该县随机抽取2个改厕村和2个未改厕村,每村随机抽取100户,每户的户主优先作为本次调查对象。调查主要采用个别访谈、现场察看和问卷调查相结合的方法。结果本次共调查400人,收回有效问卷397份,有效率为99.25%。其中改厕村200人,未改厕村197人。改厕村居民卫生知识总知晓率为91.28%,高于未改厕村的73.32%(P<0.01);改厕村居民卫生行为总形成率为56.75%,高于未改厕村的47.46%(P<0.01);改厕村有98.50%的居民认为改厕不会增加农民负担,未改厕村只有36.04%的居民认为改厕不会增加农民负担;改厕村居民肠道传染病的发病率为1.00%,低于未改厕村的5.08%(P<0.05)。改厕村的庭院、厕所卫生状况好于未改厕村(P<0.05)。不同年龄、不同文化程度、不同婚姻状况的居民改厕相关卫生知识知晓率差异有统计学意义,文化程度越高其卫生知识知晓率越高。结论农村改厕后居民卫生知识知晓率、卫生行为形成率都有明显提高,肠道传染病发病率显著降低,庭院、厕所卫生状况明显改善。改厕宣传、广播或电视是居民获得卫生知识的主要来源。居民的文化程度是其卫生知识知晓率的主要影响因素。 Objective To understand the health knowledge, attitudes and behaviors of toilet lavatories of rural residents in Nanyang City, the incidence of intestinal infectious diseases and the environmental health of their families, so as to provide references for the future lavatories in rural areas. Methods Nanzhao County was chosen as the survey site. Two toilets lavatories and two lavatories were randomly selected in the county. 100 villagers were randomly selected from each village, and the head of each household was given priority as the target of this survey. The survey mainly adopts the method of individual interview, site inspection and questionnaire survey. Results A total of 400 people were surveyed, 397 valid questionnaires were returned, and the effective rate was 99.25%. Among them, 200 were toilet restrooms, 197 were not changed. The total awareness rate of residents who reside in lavatories was 91.28%, which was higher than 73.32% (P <0.01) of those who did not restroom toilets. The total rate of health behaviors in restroom residents was 56.75%, higher than 47.46% (P <0.01); 98.50% of the residents residing in the lavatories did not think that changing the lavatories would increase the peasants’ burden, and only 36.04% of the residents who did not change the lavatories would not increase their burden on them; The incidence rate was 1.00%, lower than that of the unwashed villages of 5.08% (P <0.05). In the lavatories’ courtyard, the sanitary condition of toilets was better than that of toilets without toilets (P <0.05). There were significant differences in awareness of toilet-related health knowledge among residents of different ages, degrees of education and different marital status. The higher the level of education, the higher the awareness of health knowledge. Conclusions After the restroom in rural areas, the awareness rate of hygiene knowledge and the rate of hygiene behavior formation have been significantly improved, the incidence of intestinal infectious diseases has been significantly reduced, and the sanitary conditions in courtyards and toilets have been significantly improved. Toilet advertising, radio or television is a major source of health knowledge for residents. The education level of residents is the main influence factor of health knowledge.
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