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针对地震记录中的面波通常与体波在初至到时、频率成分以及极化特征方面存在明显差异,而单纯的时间域或者频率域极化滤波方法又无法同时考虑到这些要素,本文提出了一种基于S变换时频域极化滤波的面波压制方法。该方法通过利用多分量地震数据的S变换复系数计算得到多种能够表征数据极化特征的参数,并利用这些极化属性参数来构造滤波器函数。本文选用S变换来设计该极化滤波器是由于它所采用的高斯窗函数的宽度与频率成反比,能够保证每一频率成分所对应的时窗内均包含相同数目的谐波周期,因此,利用S变换可以更加准确地计算出时频域内每一点的局部极化属性。合成数据以及实际数据的处理结果表明本文提出的方法不仅能够有效压制面波,同时还能较好地保护体波。
In view of the obvious difference of surface wave in seismic records from the first arrival to the arrival of body waves, the frequency components and the polarization features, the simple time domain or frequency domain polarization filtering method can not simultaneously consider these elements. A surface wave suppression method based on S transform and frequency domain polarization filtering. By using the S-transform complex coefficients of multi-component seismic data, a variety of parameters that can characterize the polarization characteristics of the data are calculated and the filter functions are constructed by using the polarization property parameters. In this paper, the S-transform is used to design the polarization filter because the width of Gaussian window function is inversely proportional to the frequency, which ensures that the same number of harmonic periods are contained in the time window corresponding to each frequency component. Therefore, The local polarization property of each point in the time-frequency domain can be calculated more accurately by using the S transform. The results of synthetic data and actual data show that the proposed method not only can effectively suppress surface waves but also protect body waves well.