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目的：探讨谷氨酰胺(Gln)对坏死性小肠结肠炎(NEC)新生鼠肠道组织中增殖细胞核抗原(PCNA)表达的影响及其肠黏膜保护作用。方法将出生48 h的SD新生大鼠随机分成对照组、Gln组、NEC组，NEC Gln组4组，每组12只。对照组予鼠乳代乳品人工喂养；Gln组采用鼠乳代乳品加Gln喂养；NEC组鼠代乳品喂养并于每天早晚予缺氧及冷刺激，连续3 d，建立NEC模型；NEC Gln组在建立NEC模型的同时，给予鼠乳代乳品加Gln喂养。采用免疫组化法检测新生鼠肠道PCNA的表达。结果与对照组和Gln组相比，NEC组和NEC Gln组的一般情况较差、体质量负增长，肠黏膜细胞出现炎性浸润，肠黏膜充血水肿，固有层分离，重者可见肠绒毛脱落、消失。对照组、Gln组、NEC组和NEC Gln组的PCNA阳性表达指数分别为34.17±5.78、34.42±5.38、15.00±1.94、30.67±3.14，差异有统计学意义(H=24.32， P<0.001)。NEC组PCNA阳性表达指数分别低于对照组、Gln组和NEC Gln组，差异均有统计学意义(P’0.008)。结论发生NEC时，PCNA表达量降低；补充Gln可上调PCNA的表达量，加快肠黏膜修复。“,”ObjectiveTo investigate the effect of Glutamine (Gln) on the expression of PCNA in intestinal tissue of neo-natal rats with necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC), and to explore the protective mechanism of Gln in intestinal mucosa.Methods Forty-eight neonatal rats at the age of 48 hours were selected, and divided into 4 groups, control group, Gln group, NEC group, NECGln group. Each group had 12 rats. Control group were fed mice milk substitutes; Gln group were fed mice milk substitutes mixed with Gln; NEC group were fed mice milk substitutes and had cold/ hypoxia exposure twice a day for 3 days; NECGln group were exposed to cold stress, hypoxia and treated with Gln mixed in the milk. The expression of PCNA was detected using immunohistochemical method.Results Compared with control group were and Gln group, the general condition was worse, and the weight was decreased in NEC and NECGln group. The inifltrated inlfammatory cells, congestion, edema, intrinsic layer separation were observed in intestinal mucosa in NEC and NECGln group. The intestinal villus was lost in severe in NEC and NECGln group. The PCNA index was 34.17±5.78, 34.42±5.38, 15.00±1.94, 30.67±3.14 in control, Gln, NEC and NECGln group respectively, with signiifcant difference between each groups (H=24.32,P=0.000). The expression of PCNA in NEC group was lower than that in normal, Gln, and NECGln group (P0.008).Conclusions The expression of PCNA in intestinal mucosa was decreased in NEC rats. Gln supplement could raise the expression of PCNA in intestinal mucosa of NEC rats, and accelerate the speed of intestinal mucosa repair.