Laser shot peening (LSP) is a novel technology to impress a compressive residual stress into the surfaces of metals or alloys. This treatment can reduce the rate of fatigue cracking and stress corrosion cracking in structural metals or alloys. In this paper, some preliminary experiments were carried out with Nd:Glass laser of a pulse of 20 ns duration and 1.064 μm wavelength, an energy per pulse of 10 to 60 joules, and specimen was selected LY12CZ. The residual stress along the thickness effected by number of laser shots was taken into account in experiment. The magnitude of compressive residual stress near the surface increases with number of laser shots increasing, while decreases with the depth increasing. The mathematical modeling of laser shock processing was established, and a finite-element analysis method was based on ABAQUSExplicit software. The results of simulation are in agreement with those of the experiments, which indicate that the numerical simulation can play a direction role in laser shot peening. Laser shot peening (LSP) is a novel technology to impress a compressive residual stress into the surfaces of metals or alloys. This treatment can reduce the rate of fatigue and stress corrosion cracking in structural metals or alloys. In this paper, some preliminary experiments were carried out with Nd: Glass laser of a pulse of 20 ns duration and 1.064 μm wavelength, an energy per pulse of 10 to 60 joules, and specimen was selected LY12CZ. The residual stress along the thickness of influenced by number of laser shots was taken The account of experiment was established, and a finite-element analysis method was based on ABAQUS Explicit software. The results of simulation are in agreement with those of the experiments, which indicate that the numerical simulation can play a direct ion role in laser shot peening.