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目的了解许昌市手足口病的流行特点以及临床表现,有效防控手足口病暴发流行。方法通过查阅病人病案收集相关信息,调查2011年1月1日至6月30日期间,由许昌市中心医院报告的全部手足口病住院病例。结果 317例病例中,男208例,女109例,散居儿童占总病例数的80.76%(256/317),5月入院数最高为166例,298例出现发热,317例病例全部出现出疹症状,317例病例中83例并发支气管炎、肺炎。所有病例经过对症处理和抗病毒治疗,均痊愈出院,病程为3～18 d。317例病例全部采样进行实验室检测,其中EV71阳性246例,CoxA16阳性4例,其它肠道病毒感染67例。结论目前尚无用于预防和治疗手足口病的有效疫苗和特效药物,加强对乡村级医疗卫生机构手足口病识别的培训,早期发现病例、隔离治疗患儿、把好消毒关、加大健康教育力度、作好环境卫生是有效控制疫情的关键。
Objective To understand the epidemiological characteristics and clinical manifestations of hand-foot-mouth disease in Xuchang city and to prevent and control the outbreak of hand-foot-mouth disease effectively. Methods According to the information collected from patients’ medical records, all HFMD hospitalized cases reported by Xuchang Central Hospital from January 1, 2011 to June 30, 2011 were investigated. Results In 317 cases, there were 208 males and 109 females, with diaspora accounting for 80.76% (256/317) of the total number of cases. The highest number of admissions was 166 cases in May, 298 cases of fever and 317 cases of all rash Symptoms, 317 cases of 83 cases complicated by bronchitis, pneumonia. All cases after symptomatic treatment and antiviral therapy, were cured and discharged, duration of 3 ~ 18 d. 317 cases were all sampled for laboratory testing, of which 246 cases of EV71 positive, CoxA16 positive in 4 cases, 67 cases of other enterovirus infections. Conclusions There are no effective vaccines and special medicines for the prevention and treatment of hand-foot-mouth disease at present. The training of hand-foot-mouth disease identification in rural medical institutions is strengthened. Early detection of cases, isolation and treatment of children, good disinfection and health education Efforts and good environmental hygiene are the keys to effective control of the epidemic.