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目的了解清远地区流行性出血热的流行特点和趋势,为制定防控措施提供依据。方法在市辖2县设立8个监测点,采用笼日法捕鼠计算鼠密度;采用夹夜法、笼日法、挖鼠洞等多种方法在居民区和野外环境捕鼠,调查鼠类种群构成;采集鼠血清及一般人群血清,用酶联免疫吸附试验(双抗原间接法)检测血清汉坦病毒(HV)抗体;收集清远地区疫情资料,描述其流行病学特征。结果2008年全市报告病例3例,无死亡病例,年发病率为0.08/10万;采集一般人群血清237份,HV感染率为2.53%;捕获鼠形动物236只,经鉴定隶属于1目1科2属5种,优势鼠种为褐家鼠;鼠密度为10.32%;除黄毛鼠和板齿鼠外,共余3种均发现感染,总感染率为11.86%。结论清远市存在家鼠型流行性出血热疫源地,主要宿主动物为褐家鼠、黄胸鼠、黑家鼠。
Objective To understand the epidemiological characteristics and trends of epidemic hemorrhagic fever in Qingyuan area and to provide the basis for making prevention and control measures. Methods Eight monitoring sites were set up in 2 counties under the jurisdiction of the municipality and the rat density was calculated by the cage-cage method. The rats were caught in the residential area and the wild by a variety of methods, Serological samples were collected from sera of rats and serum of general population. Serum samples of Hantavirus (HV) were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (indirect ELISA). Epidemiological data were collected from Qingyuan area. Results In 2008, there were 3 reported cases in the city without any deaths and the annual incidence rate was 0.08 / 100 000. A total of 237 serum samples were obtained from the general population with an infection rate of 2.53%. 236 murine animals were captured and identified as belonging to 1 order 1 2 genera and 5 families. The dominant species was Rattus norvegicus. The density of the rodent was 10.32%. Except Rattus norvegicus, the remaining 3 species were found to be infected, with a total infection rate of 11.86%. Conclusions There is a foe source of domesticated murine epidemic hemorrhagic fever in Qingyuan City. The main host animals are Rattus norvegicus, Rattus flavipectus and Black House mouse.