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随着生物医药技术的发展和人们对免疫机理的深入了解 ,新的免疫接种策略及选择 (如喷雾、药膏、可食用配方 )得到发展 ,从而展现了不用针头和注射器接种疫苗的可能性。局部免疫接种已经成为现实 ,它使疫苗接种更合理、安全和有效。此外 ,它将提高疫苗的依从性比率 ,并使全球预防传染病的大规模疫苗接种运动更易成功实施。本文主要综述了将候选疫苗抗原接种于裸露皮肤的最新进展 ,并介绍了用多肽和糖结合疫苗作为免疫原的最新观察结果。
As biomedical technology evolves and people learn more about the immune mechanisms, new vaccination strategies and options, such as sprays, ointments, and edible formulations, have been developed, demonstrating the possibility of vaccination without needles and syringes. Local immunization has become a reality, making vaccination more rational, safe and effective. In addition, it will increase the compliance rate of vaccines and make it easier to successfully implement the global large-scale vaccination campaign against infectious diseases. This article reviews the recent advances in vaccination of candidate vaccines against naked skin and presents the latest observations of using peptides and glycoconjugates as immunogens.