《德意志意识形态》(以下简称《形态》)是理解马克思批判性意识形态观的重要文本。只有在文本解读中,我们才能完整地把握马克思批判性意识形态观的形成、内涵及其转变。在《形态》写作前,通过对已有理论成果的借鉴和政治实践的深入,马克思的批判性立场已经形成。在《形态》文本中,马克思重点批判了意识形态的虚假性及其“统治阶级维护意识”的实质。但因为《形态》的重大缺席,意识形态的内涵开始出现从批判性到描述性、从否定性到肯定性的转变。 “German Ideology” (hereinafter referred to as “form”) is an important text for understanding Marx’s critical ideology. Only in text interpretation can we completely grasp the formation, connotation and transformation of Marx’s critical ideology. Before the writing of “form”, Marx’s critical position has been formed by drawing lessons from existing theoretical achievements and deepening political practice. In the text of “form”, Marx mainly criticizes the falseness of ideology and the substance of “the consciousness of preserving the ruling class”. However, because of the major absence of “form”, the connotation of ideology began to shift from critical to descriptive and from negative to affirmative.