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为了解上海市近年来出生缺陷的发生情况及变化趋势,本文对1988-1990年全市10个监测点的出生缺陷情况与1991-1993年全市性出生缺陷个案登记表及同期监测点情况进行了比较分析.结果表明:上海市1991-1993年出生缺陷总发生率为7.56‰(2363/312473),其中10个监测点的发生率为9.64‰(551/57181),均显著低于1988-1990年监测点的12.3‰(991/80404),P<0.1.出生缺陷顺位按系统分前6位依次为:面耳颈部、肌肉骨骼系统、心血管系统、消化系统、泌尿生殖系统及中枢神经系统,与1988-1990年相比除中枢神经系统畸形由第4位下降至第6位、面耳颈部畸形由第2位上升至第1位外,其余均相同.按病名分:前10位畸形依次为:先心病、唇腭裂、多指、唇裂、腭裂、脑积水、多趾、尿道下裂、21三体及耳廓畸形.先心病由1988-1990年的第3位上升到第1位,21三体由第4位下降到第9位.本文对影响围产儿死亡的主要原因之一大畸形及影响人口素质的21三体进行了重点分析,发现上海市自199o年起实行B超筛选大畸形后,大畸形发生率由1.82‰下降至1.40‰,差别有高度显著意义(P<0.01).21三体的发生率由0.63‰下降至0.26‰(P<0.01).虽然大畸形与21三体有了显著的降低,但对于在经济文化高度发达的上海仍有较多的21三体发生及较高的大畸形发生,本文对如何降低
In order to understand the occurrence and trend of birth defects in Shanghai in recent years, this paper compares the birth defects of 10 monitoring points in the city from 1988 to 1990 with the registration records of birth defects in the whole city from 1991 to 1993 and the monitoring points in the same period The results showed that the total incidence of birth defects in Shanghai from 1991 to 1993 was 7.56 ‰ (2363/312473), of which the incidence of 10 monitoring sites was 9.64 ‰ (551/57181), which were significantly lower than that of 1988-1990 The monitoring point of 12.3 ‰ (991/80404), P <0.1. Birth defects in order by the top six systems were: ear ear neck, musculoskeletal system, cardiovascular system, digestive system, genitourinary system and central nervous system System, with the exception of the central nervous system deformity from the fourth to the sixth, the ear and ear deformity increased from the second to the first place, compared with 1988-1990, the rest were the same. Bit deformities were: congenital heart disease, cleft lip and palate, multiple fingers, cleft lip, cleft palate, hydrocephalus, multiple toes, hypospadias, trisomy 21 and auricular deformity.Cehicle disease rose from the third in 1988-1990 to No. 1, 21 trisomy from the fourth down to No. 9. This article on the impact of perinatal death of the main Due to a major deformity and affect the quality of the population trisomy 21 conducted a focused analysis and found that Shanghai since 199o B-screening large deformity since the occurrence of large deformity decreased from 1.82 ‰ to 1.40 ‰, the difference was highly significant (P <0.01) .21 The incidence of trisomy 21 decreased from 0.63 ‰ to 0.26 ‰ (P <0.01) .Although the large deformity and trisomy 21 had a significant decrease, it was still more significant in Shanghai with highly developed economy and culture The occurrence of more trisomy 21 and higher major deformities, this article on how to reduce