实证经济学家以关心效率为己任，并以此为骄傲。但是，这不等于说他们因此不关心经济分配的公正问题。至少，他们所追求的最终目标，帕累托最优境界，并不包含着对公平的歧视，因为只有那些在不损害任何人的情况下至少改善某个人境况的变化才能称得上帕累托改进。一般均衡... Empirical economists take efficiency as their duty and take pride in it. However, this does not mean that they therefore do not care about the just issue of economic distribution. At the very least, the ultimate goal pursued by them, the Pareto Optimal Realm, does not encompass fair discrimination because only those changes that improve at least one condition of the individual without harming anyone can be called Pareto Improve. General equilibrium ...