急性肾衰竭(acute renal failure,ARF)是一类由多种病因导致的肾功能急剧下降,短时间内血清肌酐(serumcreatinine,sCr)进行性升高、尿量减少甚至无尿的临床综合征。过去关于急性肾衰竭的概念和定义多种多样,但由于缺乏统一的精确定义和公认的诊断标准,使得临床上很难判断其治疗有效性及预后,使其研究受到限制。有研究者证实在肌酐轻度升高或尿量减少早期就认识到肾功能的改变,及早给予干预治疗,可以缩短住院时间及改善预后[1]。为了积极进行早期诊断、早期干预以减少并发症及降低病死率,近年 Acute renal failure (ARF) is a clinical syndrome characterized by a sharp decline in renal function caused by various etiologies, progressive increase of serum creatinine (sCr) in a short period of time, decrease in urine output, or even anuria. In the past, the concept and definition of acute renal failure varied widely. However, the lack of a uniform and precise definition and well-established diagnostic criteria made it difficult to judge clinically the effectiveness and prognosis of acute renal failure and restricted its research. Some researchers confirmed that in a slight increase in creatinine or urine output early to recognize changes in renal function, early intervention, can reduce hospital stay and improve prognosis [1]. In order to actively carry out early diagnosis, early intervention to reduce complications and reduce mortality in recent years