印度独立前,反帝反封建是印度进步文学的主要呼声。一九四七年独立后,在新的社会矛盾面前,有些作家停滞不前,有些作家彷徨苦闷,但仍有不少作家,特别是一些青年作家继承普列姆昌德(一八八○--一九三六)的现实主义传统,怀着真挚的感情,描绘印度劳动人民的苦难;以犀利的笔触,揭露印度社会的黑暗。《证词》作者吉丹德尔·帕迪雅(一九四六--)是青年作家,写有不少反映印度阶级斗争现状的短篇小说,擅长心理描写。《水蛭》作者阿默尔甘特(一九二五--)是印度独立后出现的重要作家之一,以描写小城镇生活著称。主要作品有长篇小说《天鸟》、《枯叶》、《黑白天》等,人物内心世界的深刻挖掘是他的主要艺术特色。《胜利花环》作者古鲁珀·纳伽伐利(一九一七--)是印度老作家,著有五部长篇小说和十三部短篇小说集。他的短篇小说以深邃的感情和引人入胜的情节而受到读者欢迎。 --译者 Before India’s independence, anti-imperialism and anti-feudalism were the main voices of Indian progressive literature. After the independence in 1947, some writers stood still in the face of new social conflicts, while some writers were bitter but there are still many writers, especially some young writers, inheriting Primm Chand (1880 - - 1936) realistic tradition, with sincere feelings, portrays the suffering of the working people in India; sharp brush strokes to expose the darkness of Indian society. The author of “testimony”, Guidandel Pardehya (1946-), is a young writer who has written many short stories that reflect the status quo in India’s class struggle and is good at depicting psychology. The author of Leech, Emmer Gant (1925-), was one of the important writers who emerged after India’s independence and is known for describing the life of small towns. His main works include the novel “Bird of Heaven”, “Dead Leaf” and “Black and White”. His profound excavation of his inner world is his main artistic feature. Guruper Nagarvalli (1917-), author of Victory Wreath, is an Indian writer with five novels and thirteen short stories. His short stories are welcomed by readers with deep feelings and engaging stories. - translator