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中国碳酸盐岩热演化程度较高,是否达到生烃底限或生烃死亡线,值得深入研究,这对评价中国碳酸盐岩油气潜力和勘探前景具有重要意义。根据烃源岩生烃、残留烃和排烃机理,利用有机元素变化法、生烃潜力法、生烃物质平衡优化模拟法、生烃热模拟实验法、残留烃量法和排烃量法等6类8种方法对塔里木盆地台盆区碳酸盐岩层系烃源岩生烃底限进行了研究。结果表明:不同方法确定的碳酸盐岩烃源岩生烃底限RO值介于4.2%~4.9%之间,平均为4.52%;对应的深度底限在塔中地区最大,约为9 200m;塔北和巴楚地区次之;塔东地区最小,约为5 850~6 850m。研究结果与其他学者研究结论较为相近或偏大,更符合实际地质条件下的生油气特征。除了满加尔凹陷和古城地区,塔里木盆地台盆区其他地区的寒武系—奥陶系碳酸盐岩层系烃源岩均没达到生烃底限,还具有较大的生烃潜力,深部碳酸盐岩油气藏具有广阔的勘探前景。
The high degree of thermal evolution of carbonate rocks in China, whether it reaches the limit of hydrocarbon generation or the line of hydrocarbon generation and death, deserves further study, which is of great significance to evaluate the hydrocarbon potential and exploration prospect of carbonate in China. According to the hydrocarbon generation, residual hydrocarbon and hydrocarbon expulsion mechanism of the source rock, organic element variation method, hydrocarbon generation potential method, hydrocarbon optimization balance simulation method, hydrocarbon generation heat simulation experiment method, residual hydrocarbon amount method and hydrocarbon expulsion method 8 kinds of methods were used to study the hydrocarbon generation threshold of carbonate source rocks in Tarim Basin. The results show that the RO values of hydrocarbon source rocks determined by different methods are between 4.2% and 4.9%, with an average of 4.52%. The corresponding depth limits are the largest in Tazhong area of about 9 200 m. Tabebei and Bachu areas followed by the smallest; Tadong area is the smallest, about 5 850 ~ 6 850m. The results of the study are close to or larger than those of other scholars, which is more in line with the characteristics of oil and gas produced under actual geological conditions. Except for the Manjiaer Sag and the ancient city, the Cambrian-Ordovician carbonate source rocks in other parts of the Tarim Basin did not reach the hydrocarbon generation limit, but also had large potential for hydrocarbon generation. Deep carbon Acid salt reservoirs have broad prospects for exploration.