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目的:分析2015年中国成年人自报癌症患者分布特征及其危险因素。方法:使用2015年中国慢性病及其危险因素监测数据，通过描述性统计分析分类变量的频率和比例，采用n χ2检验比较无序分类变量，采用单因素logistic回归和多因素logistic回归筛选出癌症患者可能的危险因素。n 结果:2015年中国共有1 809人自报患有癌症，男性689人（0.63%），女性1 120人（1.03%），东部地区769人（0.71%），中部地区465人（0.43%），西部地区575人（0.53%）。患病人群主要分布在45~岁及55~岁两个年龄组、超重或肥胖、东部城市地区、文化程度低、已婚、家庭年收入低、就业等人群中。多因素logistic回归分析结果显示，相对于西部，东部地区人群患癌风险较高（n OR=1.05，95%n CI：1.04~1.06），而中部地区较低（n OR=0.94，95%n CI：0.93~0.95）；有癌症家族史的人群患癌风险高于无癌症家族史人群（n OR=1.95，95%n CI：1.94~1.96）；家庭年收入<10 000元或者10 000~元的人群患癌风险高于家庭年收入≥50 000元人群（<10 000元：n OR=1.59，95%n CI：1.58~1.60；10 000~元：n OR=1.27，95%n CI：1.26~1.28）；城市地区人群患癌风险低于农村地区人群（n OR=0.98，95%n CI：0.97~0.99）。在个人行为与饮食方面，吸烟人群患癌风险是不吸烟人群的1.25倍（n OR=1.25，95%n CI：1.24~1.26）、饮酒人群患癌风险是不饮酒人群的1.16倍（n OR=1.16，95%n CI：1.15~1.17）、蔬菜摄入不足和水果摄入不足的人群患癌风险分别是蔬菜、水果摄入充足人群的1.29倍和1.03倍（n OR=1.29，95%n CI：1.28~1.30；n OR=1.03，95%n CI：1.02~1.04），高强度运动频率低的人群患癌风险高于高强度运动频率高的人群（n OR=1.32，95%n CI：1.31~1.33），中等强度运动频率低的人群患癌风险高于中等强度运动频率高的人群（n OR=1.08，95%n CI：1.07~1.09），静坐时间<2 h的人群患癌风险高于静坐≥2 h的人群（n OR=1.69，95%n CI：1.68~1.70），红肉摄入适量的人群患癌风险低于红肉摄入过量的人群（n OR=0.86，95%n CI：0.85~0.87）。n 结论:女性自报患有癌症人数多于男性，东部地区自报患有癌症人数高于中、西部地区。东部地区、有癌症家族史，家庭年收入低、吸烟、饮酒、蔬菜、水果摄入不足、高/中等强度运动少为癌症患者的主要危险因素，中部地区、城市地区和红肉摄入适量为保护因素。“,”Objective:To analyze the prevalence and risk factors of self-reported cancer in adults in China in 2015.Methods:The data used in this study were from China Chronic Disease and Risk Factors Surveillance in 2015. The frequency and proportion of the classified variables were analyzed by descriptive statistics, the disordered classified variables were compared by n χ2 test, and the possible risk factors of cancer patients were screened by univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses.n Results:In 2015, there were 1 809 self-reported tumors patients in China, including 689 males (0.63%), 1 120 females (1.03%), 769 (0.71%) in the eastern region, 465 (0.43%) in the central region and 575 (0.53%) in the western region. The patients were mainly distributed in people aged 45- and 55- years old, being overweight or obese, living in eastern urban area, having low education level, being married, having low annual household income and being occupational population. The results of multivariate logistic regression showed that compared with the western region, the prevalence rate of cancer was higher in the eastern region (n OR=1.05, 95%n CI: 1.04-1.06), while lower in the central region (n OR=0.94, 95%n CI: 0.93-0.95); the risk for cancer in people with family history of malignancy was higher than that in people without family history of malignancy (n OR=1.95, 95%n CI:1.94-1.96) the risk for cancer in people with an annual household income of less than 10 000 yuan or between 10 000 and 50 000 yuan was higher than that in people with an annual household income of more than 50 000 yuan (<10 000 yuan:n OR=1.59, 95%n CI: 1.58-1.60; between 10 000 and 50 000 yuan: n OR=1.27, 95%n CI: 1.26-1.28); and the risk for cancer in people living urban areas was lower than that in people living in rural areas (n OR=0.98, 95%n CI: 0.97-0.99). In terms of personal behavior and diet, the risk for cancer in smokers was 1.25 times higher than that in non-smokers (n OR=1.25, 95%n CI: 1.24-1.26), and the risk for cancer in alcoholics was 1.16 times higher than that in non-alcoholics (n OR=1.16, 95%n CI: 1.15-1.17), the risk for cancer in people with insufficient vegetable and fruit intakes was 1.29 times and 1.03 times higher than those in people with sufficient intakes of vegetables and fruits, respectively (n OR=1.29, 95%n CI: 1.28-1.30;n OR=1.03,95%n CI: 1.02-1.04). People with low frequency of high-intensity exercise had a higher risk for cancer compared with those with high frequency of high-intensity exercise (n OR=1.32, 95%n CI: 1.31-1.33), the risk for cancer was higher in people with low frequency of moderate exercise than in people with high frequency of moderate exercise (n OR=1.08, 95%n CI: 1.07-1.09). The risk for cancer in people with sedentary time less than 2 hours was higher than that in those with sedentary time more than 2 hours (n OR=1.69, 95%n CI: 1.68-1.70), and the risk for cancer in people who ate moderate amount of red meat was lower than that in people who ate excessive amount of red meat (n OR=0.86, 95%n CI: 0.85-0.87).n Conclusions:The number of female self-reported cancer was more than that in males, and the number of self-reported cancer in the eastern region was higher than that in the central and western regions. Living in eastern region, with family history of malignancy, having low annual household income, smoking, drinking, insufficient vegetable intake, insufficient fruit intake and low frequency of high-intensity exercise and low frequency of moderate intensity exercise were the main risk factors for cancer, while living in central region, living in urban area and low red meat intake were protective factors.