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铁路运价与物价相关性是运价理论与实践中具有重要意义的一个课题。在过去计划经济体制下,铁路运价曾处于几十年“一贯制”的僵化状态,运价与物价的矛盾尚未激化,因此没有引起足够的重视。随着经济体制转换和价格改革的深化,运价中潜伏的种种矛盾逐渐暴露并且加剧,导致1989年后频繁出台调价措施;但几经努力,仍难摆脱活物价与死运价、高物价与低运价的怪圈。人们感到困惑的是,铁路运价何以屡调不顺?运价水平是否已调到位?盼能对铁路运价与物价动态及其相互关系进行深入剖析,为深化运价改革提供科学依据。
The correlation between railway freight rate and price is a topic of great significance in the theory and practice of freight rate. Under the planned economic structure in the past, the rail freight rate was in a rigid state of “consistent system” for several decades. The contradiction between freight rate and price has not intensified so much attention has not been paid. With the deepening of economic restructuring and price reform, various lurking contradictions in tariffs have gradually been exposed and intensified, leading to the frequent introduction of price adjustment measures after 1989; however, it is still difficult to get rid of the living price and the dead-end price with high efforts and high prices and low The price of the vicious circle. What people are confused about is why the railway freight rates have not been adjusted repeatedly and whether freight rates have been adjusted in place. We hope that we can conduct an in-depth analysis of the railway freight rates and price movements and their interrelationships, and provide a scientific basis for deepening freight tariff reform.