1.问题提出 港口体制改革和外资进入港口行业,加快港口行业整合与优化步伐,主要表现在横向和纵向两个方面的整合与优化。横向的整合与优化表现在港口经营者跨区域规模经营趋势。纵向的整合与优化表现在港口经营和竞争沿港口物流链整合与优化的发展趋势。所 1. The issue proposes that the reform of the port system and the entry of foreign capital into the port industry speed up the consolidation and optimization of the port industry, mainly in the horizontal and vertical integration and optimization. The horizontal integration and optimization are manifested in the trend of cross-regional scale operation of port operators. Vertical integration and optimization are reflected in the trend of integration and optimization of port operations and competition along the port logistics chain. The