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文章以《牛津英语词典》编纂为例,回顾了20世纪英语词典学的发展,凸显了其第一版在创立编纂范式、编纂原则、经典特征中的奠基性贡献。20世纪英语词典编纂,主要是沿着“线性”路径发展的,即词典设计特征在不断丰富、完善和精准化。发展动因,一是语言学研究的突飞猛进,如《牛津英语词典》第二版语音描写对国际音标的采纳、语义描写对“世界英语”的涵盖;二是语言技术、信息技术的发展,引发了世纪之交的英语词典学革命:词典编纂更加表现为国际化和本土存在的有机结合;用户需求催生词典编纂数据收集、分析、提取、存储、呈现、检索等的技术革新;互联网时代语言信息剧增导致例证“采样”、筛选方式的变革;信息网络技术平台也为词典服务用户需求开发出全新途径和模式。《牛津英语词典》第三版的编纂正在经历这样的一场革命。
Taking the compilation of “Oxford English Dictionary” as an example, the article reviews the development of English lexicography in the 20th century and highlights the first contribution of its first edition in the foundation of codification paradigms, codification principles and classic features. Twentieth Century English dictionary compilation, mainly along the “linear” path development, that is, the characteristics of dictionary design is constantly enriched, perfect and accurate. The development motivation is that the linguistic research has made great strides by leaps and bounds. For example, the adoption of the second edition of the Oxford English Dictionary of Phonetic Alphabet for the introduction of International Phonetic Alphabet, the semantic description of which covers “World English”; second is the development of language technology and information technology, Led to the turn of the century English Dictionary revolution: the dictionary compilation more performance for the organic combination of international and local presence; user needs spawned dictionary compilation data collection, analysis, extraction, storage, rendering, retrieval and other technological innovations; Internet Age Language The sharp increase of information leads to the change of the sample “sampling” and screening methods; and the information network technology platform has also developed entirely new channels and modes for the users of the dictionary service. The third edition of the Oxford English Dictionary is undergoing such a revolution.