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花生四烯酸(AA)对机体有类似前列腺素(PG)的广泛作用,尤其是对血液和心血管有重要的影响。AA有降低血胆固醇、舒张血管平滑肌、降低血压、增加窦房结频率和心肌收缩力、舒张冠状动脉、增加冠状动脉血流量以及抗心率不齐等作用。AA有很强的使血小板聚集的作用,主要是通过其生物合成血栓素(thromboxane A_2,TXA_2)而起作用;而它的另一种生物合成产物前列环素(PGI_2)的作用恰相反。动脉粥样硬化和血栓形成,主要是由于血管壁AA生物合成PGI_2减少,而血小板生物合成TXA_2增多所致。动脉粥样硬化症与花生四烯酸代谢有一定关系、利用影响AA生物合成TXA_2和PGI_2的药物,可能对防治动脉粥样硬化和血栓形成有重要意义。
Arachidonic acid (AA) has a broad effect on the body similar to prostaglandin (PG), especially on blood and cardiovascular. AA has the effect of lowering blood cholesterol, relaxing vascular smooth muscle, lowering blood pressure, increasing the frequency of sinus node and myocardial contractility, relaxing coronary artery, increasing coronary blood flow and preventing heart rate. AA has a strong platelet aggregation effect, mainly through its biosynthesis of thromboxane (thromboxane A_2, TXA_2) to play a role; and its another biosynthetic product prostacyclin (PGI_2) the opposite effect. Atherosclerosis and thrombosis were mainly attributed to a decrease in biosynthesis of PGI2 in the vascular wall and increased TXA2 in platelet biosynthesis. Atherosclerosis and arachidonic acid metabolism have a certain relationship, the use of the impact of AA biosynthesis of TXA_2 and PGI_2 drugs, may play an important role in the prevention and treatment of atherosclerosis and thrombosis.