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免疫记忆可分为短期记忆和长期记忆。目前对免疫记忆的维持有两种截然不同的观点：颇为人们接受的一种为，无论短期记忆还是长期记忆的保持均需持续的抗原刺激或与环境中抗原的交叉反应。另一种观点认为经抗原刺激后机体产生长寿记忆细胞，长期记忆的保持无须持续不断的抗原存在。
Immune memory can be divided into short-term memory and long-term memory. At present there are two distinctly different perspectives on the maintenance of immune memory: a rather accepted one is that both short-term memory and long-term memory require sustained antigen stimulation or cross-reactivity with environmental antigens. Another point of view that the body produces longevity memory cells after antigen stimulation, long-term memory retention without the need for a continuous antigen.