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过去三、四十年中,在刀具材料、刀具几何角度、冷却液和金属切削机床等方面已经有了引人注目的发展,例如在本世纪初期加工中碳钢时,最大切削速度只不过50呎/分,而今天加工同样的钢材和其他中等强度的合金,切削速度已达到500呎/分或更高。但是随着汽车工业、航空工业、宇航工业、核子动力和其他工业部门中高强度、高韧性材料和耐高温材料的采用,切削加工也必须有相应的发展才能满足需要。能以250～500呎/分的速度加工一般合金用的工具,如果用来加工上述这些新型材料,切削速度不得不降低到100呎/分以下。
Over the past three or four decades, there have been remarkable developments in tooling materials, tool geometries, coolant and metal-cutting machine tools, such as the machining of medium carbon steels in the early part of the century with a maximum cutting speed of only 50 Feet per minute, and today the same steel and other medium strength alloys are machined at cutting speeds of up to 500 feet per minute or more. However, with the adoption of high-strength, high-toughness and high temperature resistant materials in the automotive industry, aviation industry, aerospace industry, nuclear power and other industrial sectors, cutting work must also be developed to meet the needs. It can process general alloy tools at speeds of 250 to 500 feet per minute. If used to machine these new materials, the cutting speed has to be reduced to less than 100 feet per minute.