二、柱、梁、枋等大木构件的构造特点(一)柱类构件的特点1.一般柱类构件柱类构件是大木构件的重要类别。清代建筑的柱类构件通常都有明显收分,一般按柱高的1/100,假定柱高3000mm,柱根部直径270mm,收分后,柱头直径应为240mm。明代建筑之柱,则多采用梭柱形式,如北京明代早期的代表建筑太庙、社稷坛、先农坛诸殿,均为此做法。梭柱做法,在宋《营造法式》中早有明确规定,《营造法式·大木作制度二》“柱”条规定:"凡杀梭柱之法,随柱之长分为三份,上一份又分为三份,如拱卷杀,渐收至上,径比櫨斗底四周各出四分,又量柱头四分,紧 Second, the pillars, beams, beams and other large wooden components of structural characteristics (A) the characteristics of column components 1. General column components Column components are important types of large wooden components. Column components of the Qing Dynasty buildings usually have significant points, generally as high as 1/100 of the column height. It is assumed that the column height is 3000mm and the column root diameter is 270mm. After the points are collected, the stigma diameter should be 240mm. The pillars of the Ming Dynasty were constructed in the form of a shuttle column, such as the temples of the early Ming Dynasty in the Ming Dynasty in Beijing, such as the Taimiao Temple, the Sahe Temple, and the Xiannong Temple. The practice of bollards has been clearly stipulated in the “Creation of the French” in the Song Dynasty. The “Creating the French Big Wooden System II” and the “Pillar” stipulate: “The method of killing the bollards is divided into three parts according to the length of the column. The last one was divided into three parts, such as arching and smashing, getting closer to the top, each with a score of four points around the bottom of the bucket, and four points for the stigmas.