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以3~4年生5个不同砧穗组合富士苹果幼树为材料,研究植物内源激素含量与早花性和易成形性间的关系。结果表明:乔化砧组合树体高大、生长旺盛,短枝比例和花序数量均显著低于矮化砧组合。矮化砧木组合中,M26组合虽然短枝比例很高,但单株成花量低,树体长势弱;SH16组合次之;T337组合长势中庸、单株成花量大。一年中,春、秋梢开始生长期,幼叶IAA、ZR含量出现高峰,根系第2次生长高峰期,细根IAA、ZR、GA_3含量出现高峰。幼叶ZR和细根IAA含量呈负相关,IAA、GA_3分别在地上部和地下部之间存在正相关。5月5日,幼叶IAA和ZR含量分别与当年生枝量呈正相关;5月20日,ZR、ZR/GA_3分别与短枝比例呈正相关,GA_3与花序数量呈负相关;根系第2次生长高峰期,苹果幼树开花相关指标分别与细根中的IAA、ZR、GA_3、IAA/ZR呈正相关,说明内源激素在地上部成花与地下部根系生长过程中具有重要调节作用。渭北地区,T337自根砧木富士苹果组合体现了早花性和树体易成形性的统一。
The relationship between the content of endogenous hormones and the early flowering and easy formability of Fuji apple tree was studied by using 3 different combinations of root scion and 3-year-old pendants. The results showed that: the Qiaowen anvil combination tree tall, vigorous growth, short branch proportion and the number of inflorescence were significantly lower than the dwarfing anvil combination. In the dwarf rootstock combination, although the proportion of short shoots was high in the combination of M26, the plant flowering was low and the tree growth was weak; the SH16 combination was second; the combination of T337 was moderate and the flowering per plant was large. During the first year of spring and autumn, the IAA and ZR content of young leaves began to peak, and the second peak of root growth rate showed the peak of IAA, ZR and GA_3 contents in fine roots. There was a negative correlation between young leaves ZR and fine root IAA content, while IAA and GA_3 were positively correlated with aboveground and underground parts, respectively. On May 5, the content of IAA and ZR in young leaves was positively correlated with that of current year. On May 20, ZR and ZR / GA_3 were positively correlated with the proportion of short shoots and negatively correlated with the number of inflorescences. The second growth of roots At the peak, the flowering-related indexes of young apple trees were positively correlated with IAA, ZR, GA_3 and IAA / ZR in fine roots, indicating that endogenous hormones play an important regulatory role in the flowering and underground root growth of aerial parts. Weibei region, T337 self-rootstock Fuji apple combination reflects the unity of early flowering and tree formability.