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是什么原因让集群内的组织变的如此相似?制度理论认为,组织出于对合法性的追求会采取与其他组织相似的结构和管理实践。结合我国转型经济下的制度环境,发展出强制性力量、规范性力量和不确定性力量三个构面,探讨产业集群在上述压力下所产生的同质现象。通过浙江省产业集群的实证研究发现:政策法规的强制性、对中心企业的依赖性、商业关系网络、行业从业人员的同质性、市场不确定性都对集群组织同构有显著的正向影响,机会主义行为对集群组织同构有显著地负向影响;组织惯性仅在对中心企业的依赖性和组织同构之间具有调节作用。结果表明,转型经济下制度环境是组织同构形成的主要原因,集群企业同构的目的并非是增强企业的竞争力和效率,而是因为政治权利的制约和制度合法性的追求。
What makes the organization within the cluster so similar? Institutional theory suggests that an organization that pursues legitimacy will adopt similar structure and management practices as other organizations. In combination with the institutional environment under the transitional economy in China, the three dimensions of mandatory forces, normative forces and uncertain forces are developed to explore the homogeneous phenomenon that industrial clusters produce under the above pressures. Through the empirical study of industrial clusters in Zhejiang Province, it is found that: the mandatory policies and regulations, the dependence on the central enterprises, the commercial relationship network, the homogeneity of the industry practitioners and the market uncertainty all have significant positive effects on the isomorphism of the cluster organizations Influence and opportunistic behavior have a significant negative impact on the isomorphism of cluster organization; and organizational inertia has a moderating effect only on the dependence on the central enterprise and the organization and isomorphism. The results show that the institutional environment is the main reason for the formation of isomorphism in the transitional economy. The purpose of cluster is not to enhance the competitiveness and efficiency of enterprises, but because of the restriction of political rights and the pursuit of institutional legitimacy.