自利与利他均具有复杂性,而更为复杂的,还在于自利与利他的相互交叉。信用主体作为信用关系的承载人,客观上是自利与利他的对立统一体。诚信作为信用主体应有的道德品质,是信用不可或缺的伦理基石,诚信本身内含利他元素。自利与失信之间并不存在必然联系:追求长期利益的自利不仅与失信毫无关系,恰恰相反,彼此诚信、互惠互信倒是追求长期利益的自利倾向的内在要求;惟有那种短期逐利动机支配下的自利,在信息不对称、一次性博弈、缺乏可置信的惩罚威胁等条件下,才会导致失信。 Both self-interest and altruism are complexities, and more complicated are the intercrossing of self-interest and altruism. As the carrier of the credit relationship, the credit subject is objectively the opposite unity of self-interest and altruism. Honesty, as the moral quality of a credit subject, is an ethical foundation indispensable to credit. Integrity itself contains altruistic elements. There is no necessary link between self-interest and dishonesty: Self-interest in pursuing long-term interests is not only irrelevant to dishonesty. On the contrary, mutual trust and mutual trust are intrinsic requirements of self-serving tendency of pursuing long-term interests. Only the short-term Motive under the control of self-interest, in the information asymmetry, one-time game, the lack of credible threat of punishment and other conditions, will lead to dishonesty.