2002年以来,我国在中西部地区探索建立以大病统筹为主的新型合作医疗制度。一项完全有利于农民的政策,按理应是人人参与,但事实并非如此乐观。本文中笔者从经济学角度分析了农民对新农合的需求,得出提高补偿比可以有效提高农民参加积极性。然后通过数学模型的建立对补偿方案进行了研究。 Since 2002, China has explored and established a new type of cooperative medical care system based on major diseases in the central and western regions. A policy that is entirely conducive to the peasants should be supposed to involve everyone, but it is not so optimistic. In this article, the author analyzes the farmers’ needs for the new rural cooperative medical system from the perspective of economics, and concludes that increasing the compensation ratio can effectively increase the enthusiasm of the farmers. Then the compensation scheme was studied through the establishment of a mathematical model.