出生缺陷是指由于遗传因素和/或环境因素等原因引起的出生时存在的各种结构性发育异常和功能性异常的总称。它逐渐成为全球许多国家和地区围产儿、婴儿残疾和死亡的主要原因,它的发生给家庭乃至社会带来严重影响。常见的严重性缺陷有神经管缺陷(NTD)、Down综合征、先天性心脏病 Birth defects refers to a variety of structural dysplasia and functional abnormalities present at birth due to genetic and / or environmental factors. It has gradually become the major cause of perinatal, infant disability and death in many countries and regions in the world. Its occurrence has a serious impact on the family and even the society. Common serious defects are neural tube defects (NTD), Down syndrome, congenital heart disease