核小体是真核生物染色质的基本组成单位,组蛋白八聚体在DNA双螺旋上精确位置称为核小体定位.核小体定位已被证实在基因转录调控、DNA复制与修复、调控进化等过程中扮演着重要的角色.随着染色质免疫共沉淀-芯片(ChIP-chip)与染色质免疫共沉淀-测序(ChIP-seq)等高通量技术的出现,已测定了多种模式生物全基因组核小体定位图谱,掀起了一股核小体定位及其功能的研究热潮,并取得了一定的成果.本文介绍了核小体定位的概念,总结了核小体在启动子与编码区域内定位的基本模式.在此基础上,综述了核小体定位在转录起始、转录延伸、基因表达模式多样化以及可变剪接等方面的功能研究进展. Nucleosomes are the basic units of eukaryotic chromatin, and the exact location of the histone octamer on the DNA double helix is ​​called nucleosome localization. The localization of nucleosomes has been shown to play an important role in gene transcription regulation, DNA replication and repair, Plays an important role in the regulation of evolution, etc. With the advent of high throughput technologies such as ChIP-chip and ChIP-seq, more The mapping pattern of genome-wide genome-wide nucleosomes set off an upsurge of research on the localization and function of nucleosomes and achieved some results.In this paper, the concept of nucleosome localization was introduced, Based on the above, the research progress of nucleosome localization in transcription initiation, transcription extension, diversification of gene expression patterns and alternative splicing are summarized.